17.8 Power Supplies and Connections (CIRCUIT)#

Input for defining an external electrical circuit.

CIRCUIT defines current-field sources, power supplies, external resistances, and external inductances using a connection matrix.

Settings#

CIRCUIT(17.8) JSON key: power-supply and connection object

REGION_FACTOR(17.8) Indicates that the actual system (full model) represented by the analysis is this multiple of the analysis-model region.

REGION_PARALLEL(17.8) Sets the number of parallel circuits (default: 1).

INDUCTANCE_MATRIX(17.8) Defines the inductance matrix.

SERIES_IDS(17.8) Series IDs.

IN_IND(17.8) External-inductance matrix input method

MATRIX(17.8) Inductance matrix

RESISTANCE_MATRIX(17.8) Defines the resistance matrix.

IN_RES(17.8) External-resistance matrix input method

MATRIX(17.8) Resistance matrix

CONNECTION_MATRIX(17.8) Connection matrix.

IN_CON(17.8) External-connection matrix input method

MATRIX(17.8) Connection matrix

POWER_SUPPLIES(17.8) Defines power supplies.

PS_ID(17.8) Power-supply identifier.

TYPE(17.8) Power-supply type.

TIME_ID(17.8) Time-definition ID used when a time-dependent current is specified.

INITIAL_CURRENT(17.8) Initial current (A) of a constant-voltage power supply in transient analysis (when TRANSIENT(2) is enabled).

Input format#

Text-format section

Type:

Fixed parameter set 1

Number of lines:

3~6

Number of parameters:

7, NO_SERIES, 1, 1, 1, NO_POWER_SUPPLIES

Text format#

* CIRCUIT *
CIRCUIT
* NO_SERIES * NO_POWER_SUPPLIES * REGION_FACTOR * IN_IND * IN_RES * IN_CON*
    1              1                 8      1      1      0               0
* SERIES_IDS *
1
* SERIES_EXTERNAL_INDUCTANCE *
            0
* SERIES_EXTERNAL_RESISTANCE *
            0
* CONNEXION MATRIX *
            1
* POWER_SUPPLY_ID * TYPE * TIME_ID * INITIAL_CURRENT*
    1     0     1              0
END

JSON format#

JSON format from 2024.11#

"17_Field_Source" :
[
    {
        "CIRCUIT" :
        {
            "REGION_FACTOR" : E,
            "REGION_PARALLEL" : E,
            "SERIES_IDS" : [ I ],
            "INDUCTANCE_MATRIX" :
            {
                "comment" : "IN_IND=0: lower triangular matrix. \n IN_IND=1: diagonal matrix. IN_ID=2 : not defined.",
                "format" : "[1st row][2nd row][3rd row]",
                "IN_IND" : I,
                "MATRIX" : [ E ]
            },
            "RESISTANCE_MATRIX" :
            {
                "comment" : "IN_IND=0: lower triangular matrix. \n IN_IND=1: diagonal matrix. IN_ID=2 : not defined.",
                "format" : "[1st row][2nd row][3rd row]",
                "IN_RES" : I,
                "MATRIX" : [ E ]
            },
            "CONNECTION_MATRIX" :
            {
                "comment" : "IN_CON=0: NO_SERIES * NO_POWER_SUPPLIES connection matrix. \n IN_CON=1: diagonal connection matrix.",
                "IN_CON" : I,
                "format" : "[1st row][2nd row][3rd row]",
                "MATRIX" :
                [
                    [ E ]
                ]
            },
            "POWER_SUPPLIES" :
            [
                {
                    "PS_ID" : I,
                    "TYPE" : I,
                    "TIME_ID" : I,
                    "INITIAL_CURRENT" : E
                }
            ]
        }
    }
]

Detailed description#

CIRCUIT connects current-field sources, power supplies, external resistances, and external inductances using a connection matrix.

Hint

For a single-phase power supply, the connection matrix is a simple one-row, one-column matrix.

For a three-phase wye connection, a 3-by-3 connection matrix is required. NETWORK(17.9) can represent this connection more simply.

CIRCUIT#

CIRCUIT(17.8)#

Text-format section

Fixed parameter set 1#

[row, col] = [1, 1]

Type:: String (S)
Description:: Specifies the external circuit CIRCUIT.

Text-format section

NO_SERIES

Fixed parameter set 1#

[row, col] = [2, 1]
Type=I

Total number of current-field sources.

NO_POWER_SUPPLIES

Fixed parameter set 1#

[row, col] = [2, 2]
Type=I

Number of independent power supplies connected.

END Indicates the end of the CIRCUIT data.

REGION_FACTOR#

REGION_FACTOR(17.8)#

Text-format section

Fixed parameter set 1#

[row, col] = [2, 3]

Type:: Real (E)
Analysis:: Indicates that the actual system being analyzed (the full model) is this multiple of the analysis-model region.

For example, the value is 2N for mirror symmetry and N-fold rotational symmetry. This is required to enter the series external inductance, resistance, and voltage as full-model values. The output voltage is also reported for the full model.

When this value is entered as 1.0, input and output use the analysis-model region as the full system. In the example above, values of 1/2N must be entered for the corresponding full-model quantities, and the output voltage is for the analysis-model region.

REGION_PARALLEL#

REGION_PARALLEL(17.8)#

Text-format section

Fixed parameter set 1#

[row, col] = [2, 7]

Type:: Real (E)
Description:: Sets the number of parallel circuits. The default is 1, and explicitly specifying 1 in JSON is recommended. 0 can also be entered, but EMSolution treats it internally as 1.

When REGION_FACTOR is set to the full-model multiple relative to the analysis model, the REGION_FACTOR conversion is applied so that the calculation corresponds to one parallel circuit. In this case, output reports power-supply values for the full model and coil and inductance values for one parallel circuit.

SERIES_IDS#

SERIES_IDS(17.8)#

Text-format section

Fixed parameter set 1#

[row, col] = [7, 1]

Type:: Integer (I)
Description:: Series IDs.

INDUCTANCE_MATRIX#

INDUCTANCE_MATRIX(17.8)#

Definition of the external-inductance matrix.

IN_IND#

IN_IND(17.8)#

Text-format section

Fixed parameter set 1#

[row, col] = [2, 4]

Inductance-matrix input method#
Value	Description
0	Enter the lower-triangular matrix. Default value
1	Enter only the diagonal components; off-diagonal terms are set to zero.
2	Assume that there is no external inductance.

MATRIX#

MATRIX(17.8)#

Text-format section

SERIES_EXTERNAL_INDUCTANCE

Fixed parameter set 1#

[row, col] = [3, 1]
Type=[ E ]

When IN_IND = 0
External-inductance matrix. The self- and mutual inductances ( \(H\) ) outside the finite-element region for each source-term series. Inductance values are normalized by the normalized current value ( CURRENT(17) ) specified for the source term. The matrix is symmetric; enter its lower half.

In the NO_SERIES rows of data, row I contains I data values.

The total number of data values is

NO_SERIES * ( NO_SERIES + 1) / 2.
When IN_IND = 1
Enter only the diagonal components. The number of data values is NO_SERIES.
When IN_IND = 2, no input is required.

Caution

For a COIL(17.1) source term, set CALC_IND(4) = 1 and enter COIL(17.1) with MESH(17.1.7) COIL integration elements ( LOOP-(17.1.8), GCE-(17.1.8), or ARC-(17.1.8) ). The self-inductance of the coil and mutual inductances between coils are calculated internally and added.
For COIL(17.1) when the above input is not used, the self-inductance of COIL(17.1) and mutual inductance between COILs are not considered in the finite-element region. Therefore, they must be entered as external inductance to obtain actual input and output voltages.
If the external inductance is set to 0 in the above case, the voltage is the linked flux of the induced field from the total-potential region and the fields from other source terms.
Enter inductance connected externally in series with the series, including leakage inductance.

RESISTANCE_MATRIX#

RESISTANCE_MATRIX(17.8)#

Definition of the external-resistance matrix.

IN_RES#

IN_RES(17.8)#

Text-format section

Fixed parameter set 1#

[row, col] = [2, 5]

Resistance-matrix input method#
Value	Description
0	Enter the lower-triangular matrix. Default value
1	Enter only the diagonal components; off-diagonal terms are set to zero.
2	Assume that there is no external resistance.

MATRIX(17.8)#

Text-format section

SERIES_EXTERNAL_RESISTANCE

Fixed parameter set 1#

[row, col] = [4, 1]

When IN_RES = 0
External-resistance matrix. The self- and mutual resistances (\(\Omega\)) outside the finite-element region for each source-term series. Resistance values are normalized by the normalized current value ( CURRENT(17) ) specified for the source term. The matrix is symmetric; enter its lower half.

In the NO_SERIES rows of data, row I contains I data values.

The total number of data values is

NO_SERIES * ( NO_SERIES + 1) / 2.
When IN_RES = 1
Enter only the diagonal components. The number of data values is NO_SERIES.
When IN_RES = 2, no input is required.

Caution

For a COIL(17.1) source, enter the resistance of COIL(17.1).
For ELMCUR(17.2) and SDEFCOIL(17.3), the resistance is considered when the values of SIGMA(17.2) and SIGMA(17.3) are entered. Setting SIGMA = 0 and entering the resistance here has the same effect.
For SUFCUR(17.6), do not add the resistance of the finite-element region in this input.

CONNECTION_MATRIX#

CONNECTION_MATRIX(17.8)#

Connection matrix.

IN_CON#

IN_CON(17.8)#

Text-format section

Fixed parameter set 1#

[row, col] = [5, 1]

Input method for the connection matrix ( `CONNECTION_MATRIX` ).#
Value	Description
0	Enter the connection matrix ( `CONNECTION_MATRIX` ).
1	When `NO_SERIES` = `NO_POWER_SUPPLIES`, assume that the power supplies are connected independently to the series and use the identity matrix for `CONNECTION_MATRIX`.

MATRIX(17.8)#

Text-format section

CONNECTION_MATRIX

Fixed parameter set 1#

[row, col] = [6, 1]

Matrix representing the connection between each series and power supply.

When IN_CON = 0:
This is a matrix with NO_SERIES rows and NO_POWER_SUPPLIES columns. The series current/voltage vector (i, v) and the power-supply current/voltage vector (I, V) are related by this CONNECTION_MATRIX T as i = TI and V = Ttv. Tt is the transpose matrix.
When IN_CON = 1: no input is required.

Hint

When the number of series and power supplies is the same and they are powered independently, use the identity matrix (diagonal terms are 1.0 and all other terms are 0.0).
This connection representation and matrix allow arbitrary coupling between sources.

POWER_SUPPLIES#

POWER_SUPPLIES(17.8)#

JSON key:: Power-supply object

Power-supply definition.

PS_ID#

PS_ID(17.8)#

Text-format section

Fixed parameter set 1#

[row, col] = [7, 1]

Type:: Integer (I)
Description:: Power-supply identifier.

TYPE#

TYPE(17.8)#

Text-format section

Fixed parameter set 1#

[row, col] = [7, 2]

Power-supply type#
Value	Description
0	Constant-current power supply (current variation is specified and voltage is unknown).
1	Constant-voltage power supply (voltage variation is specified and current is unknown).

TIME_ID#

TIME_ID(17.8)#

Text-format section

Fixed parameter set 1#

[row, col] = [7, 3]

Type:: Integer (I)
Description:: Data ID specifying the time variation of the power-supply current (when TYPE = 0) or voltage (when TYPE = 1) ( TIME_ID(18) ).

A value of 0 indicates a constant value.

INITIAL_CURRENT#

INITIAL_CURRENT(17.8)#

Text-format section

Fixed parameter set 1#

[row, col] = [7, 4]

Type:: Real (E)
Unit:: A
Description:: Initial current of a constant-voltage power supply in transient analysis (when TRANSIENT(2) is enabled). During a restart, if this power supply was also a constant-voltage source in the initial run, setting this to =999. uses the result of the initial run as the initial value.

Note

For a closed circuit (the two coil terminals are shorted), assume that a 0-voltage constant-voltage power supply is connected.
For an open circuit (the two coil terminals are disconnected), assume that a 0-current constant-current power supply is connected.
The figure below shows an example connection with two power supplies and three field coils. The CIRCUIT(17.8) data is as follows.

Text-format section

Fixed parameter set 1#

[row, col] = [1, 1]
Type=S

CIRCUIT *

CIRCUIT * NO_SERIES * NO_POWER_SUPPLIES * REGION_FACTOR * IN_IND * IN_RES * IN_CON*

3 2 4.0 0 0 0 0

SERIES_IDS *
1 2 3
SERIES_EXTERNAL_INDUCTANCE *
L11 L12 L22 L13 L23 L33
SERIES_EXTERNAL_RESISTANCE *
R11 R12 R22 R13 R23 R33
CONNECTION MATRIX *
1. 0. 1. 0. 0. 1.

JSON format from 2024.11#

"17_Field_Source" :
[
    {
        "CIRCUIT" :
        {
            "REGION_FACTOR" : 4.0,
            "REGION_PARALLEL" : 1,
            "SERIES_IDS" : [ 1, 2, 3 ],
            "INDUCTANCE_MATRIX" :
            {
                "comment" : "IN_IND=0: lower triangular matrix. \n IN_IND=1: diagonal matrix. IN_ID=2 : not defined.",
                "format" : "[1st row][2nd row][3rd row]",
                "IN_IND" : 0,
                "MATRIX" : [ L11, L12, L22, L13, L23, L33 ]
            },
            "RESISTANCE_MATRIX" :
            {
                "comment" : "IN_IND=0: lower triangular matrix. \n IN_IND=1: diagonal matrix. IN_ID=2 : not defined.",
                "format" : "[1st row][2nd row][3rd row]",
                "IN_RES" : 0,
                "MATRIX" : [ R11, R12, R22, R13, R23, R33 ]
            },
            "CONNECTION_MATRIX" :
            {
                "comment" : "IN_CON=0: NO_SERIES * NO_POWER_SUPPLIES connection matrix. \n IN_CON=1: diagonal connection matrix.",
                "IN_CON" : 0,
                "format" : "[1st row][2nd row][3rd row]",
                "MATRIX" :
                [
                    [ 1., 0. ],
                    [ 1., 0. ],
                    [ 0., 1. ]
                ]
            },

CIRCUIT definition example — Example definition of `CIRCUIT`#

17.8 Power Supplies and Connections (CIRCUIT)

Contents

17.8 Power Supplies and Connections (CIRCUIT)#

Settings#

Input format#

JSON format#

Detailed description#

CIRCUIT#

REGION_FACTOR#

REGION_PARALLEL#

SERIES_IDS#

INDUCTANCE_MATRIX#

IN_IND#

MATRIX#

RESISTANCE_MATRIX#

IN_RES#

CONNECTION_MATRIX#

IN_CON#

POWER_SUPPLIES#

PS_ID#

TYPE#

TIME_ID#

INITIAL_CURRENT#